Heavy Metal Contamination of Top Soil at Auto-Repair Workshops in Wiiyaakara Town, Khana, River State, Nigeria
Аннотация
The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of top soil using heavy metal pollution indices around vehicle repair workshops in Wiiyaakara, Khana, Rivers State, Nigeria. Sampling, preparation, and analysis of surface soils were carried out adhering to standard methods. The heavy metals recorded mean values of 2.661±0.80, 2.273±0.27, 9.520±2.39, 2.268±0.29, 14.753±2.83 and 3.790±0.27 for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Different pollution assessment models considered were the contamination factor (CF), the pollution load index (PLI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk factor (Er), potential ecological risk (RI), and anthropogenicity (APn%) which indicated that the soils have moderate to very high contamination. The contamination factor from anthropogenic influence of heavy metals on the soil was, in order: Cd > Cr > Ni > Pb > Mn > Zn. The degree of the overall contamination for the three auto mechanic workshops revealed that the soil PLI values ranged from moderately polluted to highly polluted (class 4) to highly polluted (class 5), indicating the decline of soil quality. Therefore, there is an ardent need for regular monitoring and remedial measures to avoid full-blown pollution.
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