Socio-Economic Impact of Petroleum Exploration and Production Activities in Gokana LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria
Résumé
This study was conducted in Gokana LGA Rivers State, Nigeria. The aim was to assess the impacts of petroleum exploration and production (E&P) activities on the socio-economic status of the study area. The entire study area was divided in to two different strata; communities that host oil and gas facilities as Experimental communities while those without oil and gas facilities as Control communities. Four communities from the Experimental stratum and three communities from the Control stratum were randomly selected making up the seven sampled communities. A sample of 392 household heads was selected with the aid of the Taro Yamane formula out of a total household heads of 1932. A face-to-face questionnaire administration was carried out to a systematic probability sampled household heads. The Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP) was used to carry out objective impact assessment of petroleum E&P operations in the study area. The different negative impacts of petroleum E&P were identified to include; change in traditional occupation, increase in the level of income/financial flow, rise in cost of living/inflation, increase poverty level etc while the positive impacts were opportunity for jobs creation, opportunity for contracting and procurement, employment opportunity. The study has revealed that there is petroleum E&P induced occupational readjustment in the area which has systematically extinguished the traditional occupation (farming and fishing) of the people hence leading to lower incomes and increase in the poverty level. The study recommends payment of sufficient compensation for land take to enable the native adjust to the present change in occupation, improvement on the available sources of livelihood via the provision of grants and subsidies, creation of adequate job opportunities and empowerment schemes to compensate for the extinguishing traditional occupations of the people in the area.
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