Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Borehole and Harvested Rainwater in Selected Locations in Edo State,Nigeria.
Abstract
Water is essential to life; its sources for human consumption include borehole and rainwater, which must be of good quality. However, human activities have contaminated these sources to the extent of posing serious health problems to humans. This study aimed at evaluating the physical and chemical parameters of both borehole and rainwater in the study area. To achieve this, fifty (50) water samples from borehole and rainwater were collected from selected locations in Edo State and analyzed using the APHA method to assess the levels of certain physical and chemical parameters, including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, hardness, chloride, nitrate, and sulphate.
Cluster analysis (dendrogram) was used as the statistical tool to reveal communities with similar concentrations of these parameters. The results revealed that, among the physical and chemical parameters evaluated, only pH was not within WHO and NSDWQ acceptable limits in most locations. The levels of total dissolved solids and chloride in borehole water were comparatively higher than those in rainwater. However, in rainwater, the concentrations of nitrate and sulphate were higher than in borehole water. Although the water samples examined were mostly within acceptable limits, simple hygiene practices and public awareness should be encouraged to prevent increased contamination.
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References
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